Ethics ​
We need to make sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really want.
⇒ AI is designed, AI is an artefact
Ethics should be included in the design.
Approaches to AI: ​
- Top down
- abstract thinking
- formal logic
- deduction
- Bottom up
- build a machine that is a copy of the brain and let it think.
Artificial Intelligence:
- adaptability
- interaction
- autonomy
Ethical Theories ​
- Consequentialism
- Deontology
- Virute Ethics
| Consequentialism | Deontology | Virtue Ethics | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Description | An action is right if it promotes the best consequences, i.e max happiness | An action is right if it is in accordance with a moral rule of principle | An action is right if it is what a virtuous person would do in such circumstances. |
| Central Concern | The results matter, not the actions themselves | Persons must be seen as ends and maynever be used as means | Emphasise the character of the agent making the actions. |
| Guiding Value | good (often seen as max happiness | Right (rationality is doing one’s moral duty) | Virtue (leading to the attainment of audaimonia) |
| Practical Reasoning | The best for most (means-end resoning) | Follow the rule (rational reasoning) | Practice human qualities |
| Deliberation Focus | Consequences (What is outcome of action?) | Action (Is action compatible with some imperative) | Motives (is action motivated by virtue) |
Taking Responsiblility ​
- In Design
- Ensuring that development proesses take into account ethical and societal implicatio of AI as it integrates and replaces traditional systems and social structures.
- By Design
- Integration of ethical reasoning abilities as part of the behaviour of artificial autonomous systems
- For Designers
- Research integrity of researchers and manufacturers and certification mechanisms.
Ethics In Design ​
ART
Accountability
- Explanation and justification
- Design for values
Responsibility
- Autonomy
- Chain of responsible actors
- Human-like AI
Transparency
- Data and processes
- Not just about algorithms
Doing the right thing
Doing it right
Design for values
Design for all
Ethics By Design ​
Can AI artifacts be build to be ethical?
- value alignment
- how to behave
- how to implement