History

• 1956 First Use of the term Artificial Intelligence at the dartmouth summer research project.
• 1956-1974: "golden years", shakey robot.

AI Winters and Spring

AI winters happen when inflated expectations of AI results are created then there is a failure to meet those expectations. This results in reduced funding for the field.

Problems:

• modelling commonsense knowledge.
• intractability.
• frame problem. (model what does not change in the environment)

The first AI winter happened from 1974-1980 Then from 1980-1987: expert systems + rule based systems for modelling the knowledge of experts. + brittle and difficult to maintain. Then came the 2nd AI winter from 1987-1993 Then from 1993-2011 + Increase in computing power. 💻 + Intelligent agents 🤖 + Decision Theory Finally from 2011-Now + Big data enables Machine Learning.

AI Pendulum

• Oscillation between high expectations/funding and the opposite.
• Oscillation of techniques: symbolic vs sub-symbolic/data oriented

Currently attention is being brought to bridging AI subfields to obtain better functioning AI.