Knowledge Problems

Solving:

Do activity: (tasks)

get an overview of activities you need to solve the problem.

Support Tools:

• Gantt charts: dependencies & parallel in time.
• Kanban/Scrum: For agile projects. evaluate each iteration.

Discover activity: (knowledge)

find knowledge you require to solve the problem. search for relevant knowledge problems. results in a list of research questions.

Decide Activity: (scope)

select the key areas you will focus on. state the limits of your research. Make use of a theoretical framework.

Types of problem analysis activities:

• Detailed problem analysis.
• Search for causes.
• Search for known solutions.

Causes:

• evidence based causal relationship.
• context related causes.

Explanatory analysis:

• variables
• relationships (+/- increase or decrease with variable)
• research population
• A conceptual model visualizes the relationship between variables.
• Independent variables influence a dependent variable.

WARNING

A conceptual model is different from a problem cluster. the model has variables instead of problems example: (research model): delivery speed (problem cluster): slow delivery speed

Data Types:

Type	Name	Properties	Example
Qualitative	Nominal	data used for naming or labeling variables with no ranking	types of cars on the road
Qualitative	Ordinal	categorical data with an order	grades (A, B, C, D, E, or F)
Quantitative	Interval	operations(+,-), equal intervals between data points, 0 is arbitrary	temperature, with celsius 0 is arbitrary temperature can be negative
Quantitative	Ratio	operations(+,-,*,/), equal intervals between data point, 0 is absolute, non negative	Height, cannot be negative

Check if a relationship is causal:

• Sequence of events.
• Statistical relationship.